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Table 7 The PPAS’s difference concerning demographic factors (family structure)

From: Development and validation of the Pachinko/Pachi-Slot Playing Ambivalence Scale

t-test

With a family (n = 380)

Single (n = 142)

Total score

21.1

21.8

Regret

8.33

8.74

Parallel expectations

3.69

3.96

Parallel emotions

4.74

4.78

Parallel reasons

4.31

4.33