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Table 1 Means, standard deviations, alpha coefficients, and correlations among the study variables

From: Role of smartphone addiction in gambling passion and schoolwork engagement: a Dualistic Model of Passion approach

Variable

M

SD

1

2

3

4

5

1. Age

22.39

3.30

–

    

2. Harmonious passion

28.14

2.87

−.23***

(.84)

   

3. Obsessive passion

8.27

2.55

−.10

.11

(.84)

  

4. Smartphone addiction

18.55

4.02

−.13*

.06

.27***

(.76)

 

5. Schoolwork engagement

46.09

3.30

−.06

.18**

−.11

−.19***

(.77)

  1. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the scales are on the diagonal of the matrix in parentheses
  2. N = 278, * p < .05 (two-tailed); ** p < .01 (two-tailed); *** p < .001 (two-tailed)