Gender differences in the prospective association between maternal alcohol consumption trajectories and young adult offspring’s problem gambling at 30 years

Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health

Table 3 Maternal alcohol consumption trajectories and male young adult’s risk of problem gambling behaviours at 30 year follow-up

Maternal alcohol consumption trajectories^a	No (%)	No risk behaviour^b	Risk of problem gambling behaviours
			Odds ratio (95 % CI)
			Unadjusted	Adjusted
			Unadjusted	Model 1^c	Model 2^d	Model 3^e	Model 4^f
Abstainers	113 (17.8)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Low-stable drinkers	406 (63.8)	1.0	1.6 (0.8–3.2)	1.7 (0.8–3.4)	2.1 (0.8–5.2)	2.0 (0.8–5.1)	1.6 (0.6–4.1)
Moderate-escalating drinkers	117 (18.4)	1.0	3.6 (1.7–7.6)	3.7 (1.7–8.0)	4.6 (1.7– 12.6)	4.6 (1.6– 12.8)	3.0 (1.0– 8.7)

Italic = p < 0.05
^aAssessed over 21 year follow-up
^bRef. No risk behaviours of problem gambling
^cControlled for mother’s SES (maternal age and educational levels at Time 1, maternal marital status and income at 14 year)
^dControlled for model 1 plus paternal alcohol problems at 14 year
^eControlled for model 2 plus young adult’s SES (income, education, marital status) at 21 year
^fControlled for model 3 plus young adult’s alcohol consumption at 30 years