Table 3 Unadjusted associations between reported gambling problems and CALD-related variables
From: Gambling problems amongst the CALD population of Australia: hidden, visible or not a problem?
| Â | 2002 | 2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | OR (95% CI) | Reported gambling problems% (SE) | OR (95% CI) | Reported gambling problems% (SE) |
CALD status | ||||
 Non-CALD | (p = 0.758) 1.00 | 3.5 (0.2) | (p = 0.002) 1.00 | 3.5 (0.3) |
 CALD | 0.94 (0.64-1.39) | 3.3 (0.6) | 0.38 (0.21-0.68) | 1.3 (0.4) |
Country of birth and language | ||||
 Australia and English at home | (p = 0.080) 1.00 | 3.6 (0.2) | (p = 0.017) 1.00 | 3.3 (0.2) |
 Australia and not English at home | 1.74 (0.85-3.59) | 6.1 (1.7) | 2.14 (0.95-4.85) | 6.7 (2.4) |
 Overseas & English at home | 0.69 (0.51-0.93) | 2.5 (0.4) | 1.13 (0.71-1.80) | 3.7 (0.7) |
 Overseas & not English at home1 | 0.92 (0.61-1.38) | 3.3 (0.6) | 0.40 (0.23-0.72) | 1.3 (0.4) |
Language region2 | ||||
 Australia | (p = 0.252) 1.00 | 3.4 (0.2) | (p = 0.067) 1.00 | 3.3 (0.2) |
 North European | 0.52 (0.01-41.2) | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.72 (0.37-7.97) | 5.6 (3.2) |
 South/East European | 1.39 (0.73-2.64) | 4.6 (1.2) | 0.94 (0.44-1.97) | 3.1 (1.0) |
 South-west Asian | 2.41 (1.10-5.27) | 7.8 (2.6) | 0.65 (0.17-2.45) | 2.2 (1.2) |
 South/South-east/East Asian | 0.45 (0.19-1.09) | 1.6 (0.6) | 0.14 (0.04-0.54) | 0.5 (0.2) |
 Other language region | 1.70 (0.51-5.71) | 5.6 (2.8) | 2.87 (0.79-10.4) | 9.0 (4.5) |
Proficiency in English | ||||
 Speaks English at home | (p = 0.334) 1.00 | 3.4 (0.2) | (p = 0.015) 1.00 | 3.3 (0.2) |
 Very well | 1.38 (0.84-2.26) | 4.6 (0.9) | 1.15 (0.64-2.07) | 3.8 (1.0) |
 Well/not well/none | 0.92 (0.58-1.46) | 3.1 (0.7) | 0.30 (0.14-0.65) | 1.0 (0.4) |
Region of birth2 | ||||
 Australia | (p = 0.531) 1.00 | 3.7 (0.2) | 1.34 (0.91-1.97) | 3.4 (0.3) |
 Europe | 0.73 (0.45-1.18) | 2.7 (0.6) | 0.71 (0.48-1.04) | 2.4 (0.4) |
 Africa/Middle East | 0.95 (0.44-2.07) | 3.5 (1.3) | 0.84 (0.36-1.99) | 2.7 (1.1) |
 North/South/East Asia | 0.53 (0.22-1.28) | 2.0 (0.8) | 0.61 (0.23-1.60) | 2.0 (0.8) |
 India/North/West Asia | 0.49 (0.04-5.69) | 1.9 (1.4) | ne | 0.4 (0.4) |
 New Zealand/Oceania | 1.35 (0.73-2.50) | 4.9 (1.3) | 2.16 (1.04-4.49) | 6.4 (2.0) |
 Americas/not stated | 0.85 (0.18-3.98) | 3.2 (1.9) | 0.29 (0.02-4.15) | 1.0 (0.7) |
Time in Australia | ||||
 Born in Australia | (p = 0.354) 1.00 | 3.7 (0.2) | (p = 0.266) 1.00 | 3.4 (0.3) |
 Recent (2001-2002/2006) | 0.64 (0.10-3.95) | 2.4 (1.6) | 0.66 (0.22-2.02) | 2.3 (1.1) |
 Medium (1991–2000) | 0.61 (0.29-1.27) | 2.3 (0.7) | 1.22 (0.67-2.22) | 4.1 (1.1) |
 Long-term (before 1991) | 0.82 (0.58-1.16) | 3.0 (0.5) | 0.65 (0.41-1.03) | 2.2 (0.4) |