Table 2 Multi-model correlations between risk and protective factors for unhealthy gambling behaviour
Item/variable associated with increased risk of unhealthy gambling | Model 1† Estimate (Standard error)* | Model 2 Estimate (Standard error)* |
|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||
Age (younger vs. older) | – | −0.092 (0.065) |
Sex (male vs. female) | – | 0.580 (0.187)* |
Māori (vs. European) | – | 0.227 (0.177) |
Pacific (vs. European) | – | 0.736 (0.282)* |
Asian (vs. European) | – | 0.535 (0.288) |
Living in neighbourhood with higher levels of deprivation (vs. lower levels of deprivation) | – | 0.044 (0.032) |
Risk factors | ||
Usually earns $100 or more per week | 0.387 (0.111)* | 0.322 (0.150)* |
Gamble because | ||
My friends gamble | 1.436 (0.122)* | 1.130 (0.231)* |
My family gamble | 1.53 (0.13)* | 1.161 (0.237)* |
Have gambled on | ||
Bingo | 1.102 (0.133)* | 0.402 (0.296) |
Pub/club EGMs | 0.972 (0.118)* | 0.199 (0.269) |
Casino (EGMs or tables) | 1.514 (0.158)* | 0.939 (0.339)* |
Internet | 1.32 (0.114)* | 0.864 (0.256)* |
Phone | 1.637 (0.18)* | 0.548 (0.474) |
Satisfied depression criteria | 0.496 (0.128)* | 0.261 (0.266) |
Drinks alcohol on a weekly basis | 0.649 (0.078)* | 0.246 (0.175) |
Protective factors | ||
Connectedness to family | −0.245 (0.052)* | 0.068 (0.103) |
Connectedness to friends | −0.33 (0.038)* | −0.053 (0.103) |
Connectedness to school | −0.412 (0.077)* | −0.326 (0.137)* |